Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

When discussing “recuperating design day lit spaces,” we’re essentially looking at how to optimize and enhance spaces that utilize natural daylight for illumination. This involves several key considerations:

Key Aspects of Recuperating Daylit Spaces:

• Optimizing Daylight Entry:
  • This includes strategic window placement, the use of skylights, and light shelves to maximize the amount of natural light entering a space.
  • Building orientation plays a significant role in capturing sunlight throughout the day.
• Controlling Glare and Heat Gain:
  • While daylight is beneficial, excessive glare and heat can be detrimental. Solutions include:
    • Shading devices (blinds, louvers, awnings).
    • Specialized window films.
    • Careful selection of glazing materials.
• Enhancing Light Distribution:
  • Effective daylighting design aims to distribute natural light evenly throughout a space. This can be achieved through:
    • Reflective surfaces (light-colored walls and ceilings).
    • Light redirection techniques.
    • Open floor plans.
• Integrating with Artificial Lighting:
  • Daylighting systems should be integrated with artificial lighting to ensure consistent illumination levels. This often involves:
    • Light sensors that automatically adjust artificial lighting based on available daylight.
    • Energy-efficient lighting technologies (LEDs).
• Focus on occupant wellbeing:
  • Studies have shown that natural light has a very positive effect on peoples health and wellbeing. So design that focuses on this is very important. This can include:
    • Maximizing views to the outside.
    • Ensuring that spaces have access to natural light, so that occupants can benefit from the positive effects.

Why “Recuperating” is Important:

• Over time, daylighting systems can become less effective due to factors such as:
  • Changes in surrounding buildings or landscaping.
  • Dirt and grime on windows.
  • Outdated lighting controls.
• “Recuperating” these spaces involves:
  • Assessing the current daylighting performance.
  • Identifying areas for improvement.
  • Implementing strategies to restore and enhance the effectiveness of the daylighting system.

In essence, recuperating daylit spaces is about ensuring that these spaces continue to provide optimal illumination, energy efficiency, and occupant comfort.

What is Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

When we talk about “recuperating design daylit spaces,” we’re essentially addressing the process of revitalizing and optimizing interior spaces that are designed to utilize natural daylight as a primary source of illumination. Here’s a breakdown:

Understanding the Concept:

• Daylit Spaces:
  • These are interiors designed to maximize the entry and distribution of natural sunlight. This is achieved through architectural elements like windows, skylights, and light shelves.
• Recuperating:
  • This implies a process of restoring or improving something that has lost its optimal function. In the context of daylit spaces, this means addressing issues that diminish the effectiveness of natural lighting.

Why Recuperation Is Necessary:

• Changes Over Time:
  • Surrounding buildings, landscaping, or even accumulated dirt on windows can obstruct or reduce daylight.
  • Technological advancements in lighting controls and glazing may offer more efficient solutions.
• Maintaining Optimal Conditions:
  • Daylighting design aims to balance light levels, minimize glare, and control heat gain. Over time, these factors can shift, requiring adjustments.
• Focus on Wellbeing:
  • It is very important to keep the spaces that we occupy, that are designed to have natural light, to keep working at their optimal performance, to maximize the positive effects that natural light has on people.

Key Aspects of Recuperation:

• Assessment:
  • Evaluating the current daylighting performance, identifying areas with insufficient light, glare issues, or excessive heat.
• Optimization:
  • Implementing strategies to improve light distribution, such as adjusting shading devices, cleaning windows, or modifying interior finishes.
• Integration:
  • Ensuring seamless integration with artificial lighting systems, using sensors and controls to maintain consistent illumination.
• Modernization:
  • Updating glazing, shading, and lighting control technologies to enhance energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

In essence, “recuperating design daylit spaces” is about ensuring that these spaces continue to deliver the intended benefits of natural lighting: energy savings, improved occupant well-being, and a more pleasant indoor environment.

Who is required Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

The need for “recuperating design daylit spaces” applies to a broad range of stakeholders, as the benefits of well-maintained daylighting impact many areas. Here’s a breakdown of who is concerned:

• Building Owners and Managers:
  • They are concerned with energy efficiency, operating costs, and the overall value of their property. Well-functioning daylighting reduces reliance on artificial lighting, leading to cost savings.
• Occupants (Employees, Residents, Students):
  • People who spend time in these spaces benefit from improved well-being, increased productivity, and enhanced comfort. Natural light has proven positive effects on mood, health, and cognitive function.
• Architects and Designers:
  • They have a responsibility to create sustainable and healthy environments. They need to ensure that their designs continue to perform as intended over time.
• Facility Managers:
  • These individuals are responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of buildings. They need to address issues like glare, heat gain, and outdated lighting controls.
• Educational Institutions:
  • Schools and universities recognize that daylighting improves student performance and creates a more conducive learning environment.
• Healthcare Facilities:
  • Hospitals and clinics understand that natural light can promote patient healing and improve staff morale.
• Businesses:
  • Companies are increasingly focused on creating healthy and productive workplaces. Daylighting contributes to employee satisfaction and well-being.
• Retail Spaces:
  • Daylight can enhance the shopping experience, and make products more appealing.

In essence, anyone who cares about:

• Energy efficiency.
• Occupant well-being.
• Sustainable building practices.

…has a stake in ensuring that daylit spaces are properly maintained and “recuperated.”

When is required Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

The need to recuperate daylit spaces arises in various situations, often triggered by changes or degradations in the original design’s performance. Here’s a breakdown of when this becomes necessary:

Triggers for Recuperation:

• Changes in the Surrounding Environment:
  • New buildings or landscaping can obstruct sunlight, reducing the amount of daylight entering a space.
  • Urban growth and increased pollution can also affect the quality and quantity of available daylight.
• Degradation of Building Materials:
  • Windows can become dirty or cloudy, reducing their light transmittance.
  • Shading devices can become damaged or ineffective.
  • Older glazing may not have the optimal properties of newer technologies.
• Changes in Building Use or Occupancy:
  • A change in the layout of furniture or partitions can affect light distribution.
  • Different tasks may require different levels of illumination.
• Technological Advancements:
  • Newer lighting control systems and glazing technologies can offer significant improvements in energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
  • There are constant improvements in window films, and shading devices.
• Occupant Complaints:
  • Issues like glare, excessive heat gain, or insufficient light can lead to occupant discomfort and reduced productivity.
• Energy Efficiency Goals:
  • As building owners and managers seek to reduce energy consumption, they may need to optimize daylighting systems to minimize reliance on artificial lighting.
• Regular Maintenance and Audits:
  • Proactive building management includes periodic assessments of daylighting performance to identify and address potential issues.

In summary:

• Recuperation is needed whenever a daylit space is not performing as intended, whether due to external factors, material degradation, or changing needs.
• It is also wise to perform periodic checks of daylit spaces, to ensure that they are still performing as intended.

Essentially, it’s about ensuring that the benefits of daylighting—energy savings, improved well-being, and a more pleasant environment—are consistently realized.

COURTESY : UGREEN_US

Where is required Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

The need to “recuperate design daylit spaces” is relevant across a wide range of building types and locations. Here’s a breakdown of where this is particularly important:

Key Locations and Building Types:

• Office Buildings:
  • These spaces often have high occupancy and a focus on productivity, making optimal daylighting crucial.
  • Glare and insufficient light can significantly impact employee comfort and performance.
• Educational Institutions (Schools and Universities):
  • Daylight has been shown to improve student learning and concentration.
  • Classrooms, libraries, and study areas benefit significantly from well-maintained daylighting.
• Healthcare Facilities (Hospitals and Clinics):
  • Natural light promotes healing and improves patient well-being.
  • Patient rooms, waiting areas, and staff workspaces should prioritize daylighting.
• Residential Buildings:
  • Homes and apartments benefit from natural light for comfort and well-being.
  • Living rooms, kitchens, and bedrooms are key areas for daylighting.
• Retail Spaces:
  • Daylight enhances the shopping experience and makes products more appealing.
  • Stores, malls, and showrooms can benefit from optimized daylighting.
• Industrial Buildings:
  • Warehouses and factories can reduce energy consumption by utilizing daylighting.
  • Safety and productivity can also be improved with adequate natural light.
• Public Buildings (Libraries, Museums, etc.):
  • These spaces should provide comfortable and visually appealing environments.
  • Daylighting contributes to a positive experience for visitors.

Factors Influencing Location:

• Urban Environments:
  • Dense urban areas may experience shading from surrounding buildings, requiring careful daylighting design and maintenance.
• Geographic Location:
  • Different climates and latitudes have varying sunlight availability, influencing daylighting strategies.
• Building Orientation:
  • The orientation of a building significantly affects the amount of sunlight it receives.

In essence, any interior space designed to utilize natural daylight can benefit from “recuperation” to ensure optimal performance.

How is required Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

Recuperating design daylit spaces involves a multifaceted approach, blending assessment, technological updates, and design adjustments. Here’s a breakdown of the key steps:

1. Assessment and Analysis:

• Daylight Audits:
  • Conduct thorough assessments of the existing daylighting performance. This involves measuring light levels, identifying glare issues, and evaluating heat gain. Tools like light meters and thermal imaging can be used.
• Occupant Feedback:
  • Gather feedback from building occupants regarding their experiences with daylighting. This helps identify specific problems and areas for improvement.
• Building Analysis:
  • Analyze the building’s orientation, window placement, and surrounding environment to understand how these factors affect daylighting.

2. Optimization and Upgrades:

• Window and Glazing Improvements:
  • Clean windows regularly to maximize light transmittance.
  • Consider replacing outdated glazing with high-performance options that reduce heat gain and glare.
  • Apply window films to control solar heat and UV radiation.
• Shading System Enhancements:
  • Install or upgrade shading devices (blinds, louvers, awnings) to control glare and heat gain.
  • Implement automated shading systems that adjust based on sunlight levels.
• Light Distribution Strategies:
  • Use light-colored interior finishes to reflect and distribute daylight.
  • Install light shelves or other reflective surfaces to redirect sunlight deeper into the space.
  • Consider the addition of solar tubes, to bring light into areas that otherwise would not recieve it.
• Lighting Control Integration:
  • Integrate daylighting with artificial lighting systems using sensors and controls.
  • Implement dimming systems that automatically adjust artificial light levels based on available daylight.
  • Ensure that lighting systems are energy efficient, such as utilizing LED lighting.

3. Design Adjustments:

• Interior Layout Modifications:
  • Adjust furniture and partition layouts to minimize obstructions and maximize light distribution.
  • Create open floor plans to allow daylight to penetrate deeper into the space.
• Exterior Landscaping:
  • Manage surrounding landscaping to avoid obstructing sunlight.
  • Consider planting trees or shrubs that provide shade during hot periods.

4. Ongoing Maintenance:

• Regular Cleaning:
  • Establish a schedule for regular window cleaning and maintenance of shading devices.
• System Monitoring:
  • Continuously monitor daylighting performance and make adjustments as needed.
• Technology Updates:
  • Stay informed about advancements in daylighting technologies and implement upgrades as appropriate.

By following these steps, building owners and managers can effectively recuperate daylit spaces, ensuring that they provide optimal illumination, energy efficiency, and occupant comfort.

Case study is Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

It’s important to understand that “recuperating” daylit spaces often involves a series of improvements rather than a single, dramatic overhaul. Therefore, case studies often highlight specific strategies within larger renovation projects. However, I can provide some examples and key considerations:

Key Considerations in Case Studies:

• Energy Efficiency Upgrades:
  • Many building renovations focus on improving energy performance, and daylighting is a crucial component. Case studies often document the impact of new glazing, shading systems, and lighting controls on energy consumption.
• Occupant Well-being:
  • Increasingly, case studies emphasize the importance of occupant comfort and health. This includes measuring factors like daylight availability, glare, and thermal comfort.
• Integration of Technology:
  • Modern building renovations often incorporate smart technologies, such as automated shading systems and light sensors, to optimize daylighting performance.

Examples and Areas of Focus:

• Office Building Renovations:
  • Many older office buildings were designed with limited daylighting. Renovations often involve:
    • Replacing outdated windows with high-performance glazing.
    • Installing automated shading systems to control glare and heat gain.
    • Integrating daylighting with LED lighting systems and sensors.
  • The UNStudio Tower in Amsterdam is a good example of a building that has put great thought into the daylighting of the building. With the use of voids within the building, and also the use of specifically designed exterior panneling, they have optimised the amount of natural light that enters the building.
• Educational Facilities:
  • Schools and universities are increasingly prioritizing daylighting to improve student learning and well-being. Case studies may focus on:
    • Redesigning classrooms to maximize daylight availability.
    • Installing skylights and light shelves to distribute daylight evenly.
    • Creating outdoor learning spaces that connect students with nature.
• Healthcare Facilities:
  • Hospitals and clinics are recognizing the therapeutic benefits of natural light. Case studies often highlight:
    • Designing patient rooms with large windows and views of nature.
    • Creating healing gardens and outdoor spaces for patients and staff.
    • Optimizing daylighting in waiting areas and common spaces.
• Historic Building Renovations:
  • Recuperating daylighting in historic buildings can be challenging due to preservation requirements. Case studies may focus on:
    • Carefully selecting glazing and shading materials that are compatible with the building’s historic character.
    • Using innovative techniques to distribute daylight without altering the building’s exterior appearance.

Where to Find Case Studies:

• Architectural and Engineering Publications:
  • Journals and magazines often feature case studies of sustainable building projects.
• Building Industry Organizations:
  • Organizations like the GGBC (GLOBAL GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL ) and the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) publish case studies and resources on daylighting.
• Research Institutions:
  • Universities and research centers conduct studies on daylighting and publish their findings.

By examining these case studies, building professionals can gain valuable insights into the strategies and technologies that can be used to recuperate daylit spaces.

COURTESY : The VELUX Group

White paper on Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

Creating a comprehensive white paper on “Recuperating Design Daylit Spaces” would involve a detailed exploration of various aspects. Here’s an outline of key sections and the type of information they would contain:

White Paper Outline: Recuperating Design Daylit Spaces

1. Executive Summary:

• Brief overview of the importance of daylighting.
• Statement of the problem: Degraded daylighting performance in existing buildings.
• Summary of key recommendations and benefits of recuperation.

2. Introduction:

• Definition of “daylit spaces” and their benefits (energy savings, well-being).
• Explanation of “recuperation” in the context of daylighting.
• Overview of the factors that lead to degraded daylighting performance.

3. The Importance of Daylighting:

• Energy efficiency: Reduced reliance on artificial lighting.
• Occupant health and well-being:
  • Circadian rhythm regulation.
  • Improved mood and productivity.
  • Potential health benefits.
• Environmental sustainability: Reduced carbon emissions.

4. Factors Affecting Daylighting Performance:

• Building orientation and site context.
• Window and glazing properties.
• Shading systems and controls.
• Interior design and finishes.
• External obstructions and pollution.
• Changes in building use.

5. Assessment and Analysis:

• Daylight audits and measurement techniques.
• Occupant surveys and feedback.
• Building performance simulations.
• Identifying common daylighting problems:
  • Insufficient light.
  • Glare and heat gain.
  • Uneven light distribution.

6. Recuperation Strategies:

• Window and glazing upgrades:
  • High-performance glazing.
  • Window films.
  • Regular cleaning.
• Shading system improvements:
  • Automated blinds and louvers.
  • Exterior shading devices.
• Light distribution enhancements:
  • Light shelves and reflectors.
  • Interior finish modifications.
  • Solar tubes.
• Lighting control integration:
  • Daylight sensors and dimming systems.
  • Integration with building management systems.
• Landscaping considerations.

7. Technology and Innovation:

• Smart glazing and electrochromic windows.
• Advanced lighting control systems.
• Building information modeling (BIM) for daylighting analysis.

8. Case Studies:

• Examples of successful daylighting recuperation projects.
• Highlighting specific strategies and outcomes.
• Analyzing the economic and environmental benefits.

9. Recommendations and Best Practices:

• Guidelines for building owners, designers, and facility managers.
• Importance of regular maintenance and monitoring.
• Integrating daylighting into sustainable building practices.

10. Conclusion:

• Reinforcing the importance of recuperating daylit spaces.
• Looking ahead to future trends in daylighting design.

Key Considerations for the White Paper:

• Data and Research: Back up claims with scientific studies and industry data.
• Visuals: Use diagrams, charts, and photographs to illustrate concepts.
• Practical Guidance: Provide actionable recommendations for readers.
• Target Audience: Tailor the content to the specific needs of building professionals.

By adhering to these principals, a very useful white paper can be created.

Industrial application of Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

The industrial application of “recuperating design daylit spaces” is highly relevant, as it can significantly impact productivity, safety, and energy efficiency in industrial settings. Here’s a breakdown of how it applies:

Key Industrial Applications:

• Warehouses and Distribution Centers:
  • Large warehouse spaces often rely heavily on artificial lighting, which can be costly. Recuperating daylighting in these spaces can involve:
    • Installing or upgrading skylights and roof monitors.
    • Using light shelves to distribute daylight deeper into the space.
    • Implementing automated lighting controls that dim or turn off artificial lights when sufficient daylight is available.
  • This reduces energy consumption and improves visibility, enhancing safety and productivity.
• Manufacturing Facilities:
  • Factories and manufacturing plants often have specific lighting requirements for various tasks. Recuperating daylighting can:
    • Provide consistent and even illumination, reducing eye strain and improving accuracy.
    • Enhance worker well-being and morale.
    • Reduce energy costs associated with artificial lighting.
  • Careful consideration of glare control is essential in manufacturing environments, where precision tasks are performed.
• Industrial Laboratories and Research Facilities:
  • Laboratories and research facilities require precise and controlled lighting. Recuperating daylighting can:
    • Provide natural light for tasks that benefit from it.
    • Reduce the heat load from artificial lighting, which can affect sensitive equipment.
    • Create a more comfortable and stimulating work environment.
• Aerospace and Automotive Industries:
  • These industries often involve large assembly areas where precise work is performed. Daylighting can:
    • Improve the quality of visual inspections.
    • Enhance worker safety and productivity.
    • Reduce energy costs in large facilities.

Key Considerations in Industrial Settings:

• Safety:
  • Proper glare control is crucial to prevent accidents.
  • Daylighting systems must be designed to withstand harsh industrial environments.
• Task-Specific Lighting:
  • Industrial tasks often require specific lighting levels and color rendering.
  • Daylighting systems must be integrated with artificial lighting to ensure consistent illumination.
• Energy Efficiency:
  • Industrial facilities consume large amounts of energy.
  • Recuperating daylighting can significantly reduce energy costs.
• Durability and Maintenance:
  • Industrial environments can be harsh, so daylighting systems must be durable and easy to maintain.

By implementing effective daylighting strategies, industrial facilities can achieve significant energy savings, improve worker well-being, and enhance overall productivity.

Research and development of Recuperating Design Day lit Spaces ?

Research and development in the field of “recuperating design daylit spaces” is a dynamic and evolving area, driven by the need for more sustainable, healthy, and comfortable built environments. Here’s an overview of key areas of focus:

Key Research and Development Areas:

• Advanced Glazing Technologies:
  • Research is ongoing to develop smart glazing materials that can dynamically adjust their properties in response to changing sunlight conditions. This includes electrochromic windows, which can alter their tint to control heat gain and glare.
  • Development of high-performance glazing that maximizes light transmittance while minimizing heat transfer.
• Intelligent Shading Systems:
  • R&D efforts are focused on creating automated shading systems that integrate with building management systems and respond to real-time weather data and occupant preferences.
  • Development of innovative shading materials and designs that provide optimal glare control and light diffusion.
• Daylight Redirecting Systems:
  • Research into advanced light shelves, holographic films, and other optical devices that can redirect sunlight deeper into interior spaces.
  • Development of solar tubes and light pipes for bringing daylight into areas that are difficult to reach with traditional windows.
• Integrated Lighting Controls:
  • Development of sophisticated lighting control systems that seamlessly integrate daylighting with artificial lighting.
  • Research into algorithms and sensors that can accurately predict and respond to changes in daylight availability.
• Building Performance Simulation:
  • Advancements in building information modeling (BIM) and simulation software that allow designers to accurately predict daylighting performance.
  • Development of tools for optimizing daylighting design in complex building geometries.
• Health and Well-being Research:
  • Ongoing studies on the impact of daylighting on human health, including circadian rhythm regulation, mood, and cognitive function.
  • Research into the effects of different daylighting strategies on occupant comfort and productivity.
• Sustainable Building Practices:
  • Research into the integration of daylighting into sustainable building design and renovation practices.
  • Development of guidelines and standards for daylighting design.

Trends and Future Directions:

• Increased focus on occupant-centric design, with daylighting playing a key role in creating healthy and comfortable indoor environments.
• Integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning to optimize daylighting systems.
• Development of more affordable and accessible daylighting technologies.
• Greater emphasis on the “recuperation” of existing buildings, to improve their energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

By continuing to invest in research and development, we can unlock the full potential of daylighting to create more sustainable, healthy, and vibrant built environments.

COURTESY : NPTEL-NOC IITM

References

1. ^ Reinhart, Christoph (2014). Daylighting Handbook 1. Christoph Reinhart. ISBN 9780692203637.
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b Spellman, Frank; Beiber, Revonna (2011). The Science of Renewable Energy. CRC Press; 1 edition. ISBN 978-1439825020.
3. ^ [1] Archived January 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
4. ^ Building for Energy Independence: Sun/Earth Buffering and Superinsulation. Community Builders. 1983. ISBN 978-0960442249.
5. ^ Kent, Michael; Schiavon, Stefano (2020). “Evaluation of the effect of landscape distance seen in window views on visual satisfaction” (PDF). Building and Environment. 183: 107160. Bibcode:2020BuEnv.18307160K. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107160. S2CID 221935768. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
6. ^ Ko, Won Hee; Kent, Michael; Schiavon, Stefano; Levitt, Brendon; Betti, Giovanni (2021). “A Window View Quality Assessment Framework”. LEUKOS. 18 (3): 268–293. arXiv:2010.07025. doi:10.1080/15502724.2021.1965889. S2CID 222341349. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
7. ^ Kent, Michael; Schiavon, Stefano (2022). “Predicting Window View Preferences Using the Environmental Information Criteria”. LEUKOS. 19 (2): 190–209. doi:10.1080/15502724.2022.2077753. S2CID 251121476. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
8. ^ “Energy Performance Label”. The National Fenestration Rating Council. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b c CIBSE Lighting Guide 10: Daylighting and window design. CIBSE. 1999. ISBN 978-0-900953-98-9.
10. ^ Asdrubali, F. (2003). “Lighting Research and Technology: “Daylighting performance of sawtooth roofs of industrial buildings “”. Lighting Research and Technology. 35 (4): 343–359. doi:10.1191/1365782803li094oa. S2CID 109902823.
11. ^ “Definition of LAYLIGHT”.
12. ^ “Single Laylight Combines Natural, Artificial Light in Seating Area”. 9 June 2016.
13. ^ “Library’s Historic Laylight Removed for Restoration”. 30 March 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
14. ^ “A Museum owned by Artists”. Museum Work: Including the Proceedings of the American Association of Museums. 4 (1). American Association of Museums: 47. 1921.
15. ^ “What is the Difference Between Skylights, Veluxes, and Roof Windows? | Information Blog Post | First Class Roofing Service”. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
16. ^ “The future is bright”. 3 December 2015.
17. ^ “Sloped Glazing | WBDG – Whole Building Design Guide”.
18. ^ “Answer Man sheds some light on curious glass panels at the U.S. Capitol – The Washington Post”. The Washington Post.
19. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d The SLL Lighting Handbook. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers; 1st edition. 2009. ISBN 9781906846022.
20. ^ Littlefair, P.J.; Aizlewood, M.E. (1998). Daylighting in atrium buildings. BRE Information Paper IP3/98. ISBN 9781860811944.
21. ^ Sharples, S. (1999). “Reflectance distributions and atrium daylight levels: a model study”. Lighting Research and Technology. 31 (4): 165–170. doi:10.1177/096032719903100405. S2CID 110668116.
22. ^ “MVRDV integrates terra-cotta brick and glass for a facade in Amsterdam – Archpaper.com”. archpaper.com. 2016-04-21. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
23. ^ “MVRDV replaces traditional facade with glass bricks that are stronger than concrete”. Dezeen. 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
24. ^ “Glass bricks “stronger than concrete” clad Amsterdam’s Crystal Houses”. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
25. ^ “See-through concrete: LiTracon”. The Future of Design. 14 November 2014.
26. ^ SOUMYAJIT PAUL; AVIK DUTTA (October 2013). “TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE” (PDF). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3. ISSN 2250-3153.
27. ^ “Anidolic Daylight Concentrator of Structural Translucent Concrete Envelope” (PDF). Sinberbest.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
28. ^ Littlefair, P.J. (1990). “Review Paper: Innovative daylighting: Review of systems and evaluation methods”. Lighting Research and Technology. 22: 1–17. doi:10.1177/096032719002200101. S2CID 108501995.
29. ^ Littlefair, P.J. (1995). “Light shelves: Computer assessment of daylighting”. Lighting Research and Technology. 27 (2): 79–91. doi:10.1177/14771535950270020201. S2CID 111215708.
30. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Prism Glass | glassian”. Glassian.org. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
31. ^ Noblis. “EW-201014 Fact Sheet”. Serdp-Estcp.org. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
32. ^ Active Daylighting Archived February 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine retrieved 9 February 2009
33. ^ “A new strategy for EUCLIDES subdegree solar tracking”. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
34. ^ Baetens, R.; Jelle, B. P.; Gustavsen, A. (2010). “Properties, requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings: A state-of-the-art review”. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 94 (2): 87–105. Bibcode:2010SEMSC..94…87B. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2009.08.021. hdl:11250/2473860.
35. ^ Lee, E.S.; Tavil, A. (2007). “Energy and visual comfort performance of electrochromic windows with overhangs”. Building and Environment. 42 (6): 2439–2449. Bibcode:2007BuEnv..42.2439L. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.016.
36. ^ Muhs, Jeff. “Design and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Lighting and Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems” (PDF). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
37. ^ Aries, M.B.C.; Aarts, M. P. J.; Van Hoof, J. (2015). “Daylight and health: A review of the evidence and consequences for the built environment”. Lighting Research and Technology. 47: 6–27. doi:10.1177/1477153513509258. S2CID 55898304.
38. ^ Borisuit, A; Linhart, F. (2015). “Effects of realistic office daylighting and electric lighting conditions on visual comfort, alertness and mood”. Lighting Research and Technology. 47 (2): 192–209. doi:10.1177/1477153514531518. S2CID 52463366.
39. ^ Figueiro, M.G.; Rea, M.S.; Bullough, J.D. (2006). “Does architectural lighting contribute to breast cancer?”. Journal of Carcinogenesis. 5 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/1477-3163-5-20. PMC 1557490. PMID 16901343.
40. ^ Approved Method: IES Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE). Illumination Engineering Society. 2013. ISBN 9780879952723.
41. ^ Jump up to:^a b Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, U.S. Green Building Council and The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. 2010. ISBN 9781933742793.
42. ^ Jump up to:^a b Reinhart, Christoph; Mardaljevic, John & Rogers, Zach (2006). “Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design” (PDF). Leukos. 3 (1): 7–31. doi:10.1582/LEUKOS.2006.03.01.001. S2CID 18653435. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
43. ^ Jump up to:^a b Jakubiec, J.A.; Reinhart, C.F. (2012). “The ‘adaptive zone’ – A concept for assessing discomfort glare throughout daylit spaces”. Lighting Research and Technology. 44 (2): 149–170. doi:10.1177/1477153511420097. S2CID 110072060.
44. ^ Nabil, Azza; Mardaljevic, John (2006). “Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors”. Energy and Buildings. 38 (7): 1858–1866. Bibcode:2006EneBu..38..905N. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.013.
45. ^ Kent, Michael; Schiavon, Stefano; Jakubiec, Alstan (2020). “A dimensionality reduction method to select the most representative daylight illuminance distributions”. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 13 (1): 122–135. doi:10.1080/19401493.2019.1711456. S2CID 211093664.
46. ^ Jump up to:^a b Rea, Mark (2000). IESNA Lighting Handbook (9th ed.). Illuminating Engineering; 9 edition (July 2000). ISBN 978-0879951504.