
Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
A robotized solid waste management framework refers to the integration of robotic technology into various aspects of waste management, aiming to improve efficiency, accuracy, and safety. Here’s a breakdown of key aspects:
Key Applications:
- Waste Sorting:
- AI-powered robots with computer vision can identify and sort different waste materials (plastics, metals, paper, etc.) with high precision.
- This enhances recycling efforts by reducing contamination and increasing the purity of recycled materials.
- Autonomous Waste Collection:
- Autonomous vehicles equipped with robotic arms can navigate urban environments to collect waste from bins.
- This can optimize collection routes and reduce the need for manual labor.
- Hazardous Waste Handling:
- Robots can safely handle hazardous waste in environments that are dangerous for humans (e.g., nuclear waste, chemical spills).
- Environmental Monitoring:
- Robots equipped with sensors can monitor environmental parameters around waste processing facilities, providing valuable data for analysis.
Benefits:
- Increased Efficiency: Robots can operate continuously, increasing the speed and volume of waste processing.
- Improved Accuracy: AI-driven robots minimize errors in sorting, leading to higher-quality recycled materials.
- Enhanced Safety: Robots can handle hazardous materials and perform tasks in dangerous environments, reducing risks to human workers.
- Cost Reduction: Automation can reduce labor costs and optimize waste management operations.
- Data Collection: Robots can gather valuable data on waste streams, enabling better analysis and management.
Technological Components:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Enables robots to identify and classify waste materials.
- Computer Vision: Allows robots to “see” and analyze waste.
- Robotic Arms and Grippers: Used for picking and sorting waste.
- Sensors: Provide data on waste composition and environmental conditions.
- Autonomous Navigation: Enables robots to move and operate independently.
In essence, robotized solid waste management frameworks are a crucial part of creating more sustainable and efficient waste management systems.
What is Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
A “robotized solid waste administration framework” essentially refers to the use of robots and automation to improve how we manage our garbage. This involves integrating robotic technology into various stages of waste management, with the goal of making the process more efficient, accurate, and safe. Here’s a breakdown:
Core Concepts:
- Automation:
- Replacing manual labor with automated systems.
- This includes tasks like sorting, collection, and processing of waste.
- Robotic Technology:
- Utilizing robots equipped with sensors, cameras, and grippers.
- These robots can perform complex tasks, such as identifying and separating different types of waste.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI):
- Employing AI algorithms to enable robots to “learn” and adapt.
- This allows for more accurate waste sorting and efficient decision-making.
Key Applications:
- Waste Sorting:
- Robots use computer vision and AI to identify and separate recyclable materials.
- This increases the purity of recycled materials and reduces contamination.
- Waste Collection:
- Autonomous vehicles and robotic arms can collect waste from bins and designated areas.
- This optimizes collection routes and reduces the need for manual labor.
- Hazardous Waste Handling:
- Robots can safely handle dangerous materials, minimizing risks to human workers.
- Environmental Monitoring:
- Robots equipped with sensors can monitor environmental conditions at waste processing facilities.
Benefits:
- Increased Efficiency:
- Robots can work continuously, speeding up waste processing.
- Improved Accuracy:
- AI-powered sorting reduces errors and improves recycling quality.
- Enhanced Safety:
- Robots can handle hazardous materials, protecting human workers.
- Data Collection:
- Robots can gather valuable data on waste streams, enabling better management.
In essence, robotized solid waste administration frameworks represent a significant step towards more sustainable and effective waste management practices.
Who is required Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
Robotized solid waste administration frameworks are beneficial for a wide range of entities, particularly those dealing with large volumes of waste or facing challenges in traditional waste management. Here’s a breakdown of who would benefit:
- Municipalities and Cities:
- Urban areas generate massive amounts of waste, and robotic systems can optimize collection routes, improve recycling rates, and enhance overall cleanliness.
- Smart city initiatives often incorporate robotic waste management to create more efficient and sustainable urban environments.
- Recycling Facilities (Material Recovery Facilities – MRFs):
- MRFs require efficient and accurate sorting of recyclable materials. Robots can significantly increase sorting speed and accuracy, leading to higher-quality recycled products.
- This helps to increase the amount of material that can be recycled, and decrease the amount of material that ends up in landfills.
- Waste Management Companies:
- These companies can benefit from increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and improved safety by implementing robotic systems.
- Robots can handle hazardous materials and perform tasks in dangerous environments, minimizing risks to human workers.
- Industrial Facilities:
- Industries that generate large amounts of waste, such as manufacturing and construction, can use robotic systems to manage waste streams more effectively.
- Especially in the handling of hazardous waste.
- Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities:
- These facilities generate large amounts of medical waste, some of which is hazardous. Robots can be used to safely and efficiently sort and handle this waste, reducing the risk of contamination.
- Airports and Large Venues:
- These locations produce high volumes of waste in concentrated areas. Robotic systems can aid in keeping these areas clean and efficient.
In essence, anyone dealing with significant waste volumes or seeking to improve waste management efficiency, safety, and sustainability can benefit from robotized solutions.
When is required Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
The need for robotized solid waste administration frameworks arises in various situations, and it’s becoming increasingly critical due to several factors. Here’s when these systems are particularly required:
Key Scenarios:
- Rapid Urbanization:
- As cities grow, waste generation increases exponentially. Traditional waste management systems struggle to keep up. Robotized systems provide efficient solutions for high-volume waste handling.
- Increasing Waste Volume:
- The global population is rising, leading to a surge in waste production. Automated systems are essential for managing this increasing volume effectively.
- Labor Shortages and Safety Concerns:
- Manual waste sorting and handling are labor-intensive and pose safety risks. Robots can automate these tasks, reducing the need for manual labor and minimizing worker exposure to hazardous materials.
- Need for Higher Recycling Rates:
- To promote a circular economy, higher recycling rates are essential. Robotized systems with advanced sorting capabilities can significantly improve the quality and quantity of recyclable materials.
- Hazardous Waste Management:
- Handling hazardous waste requires specialized equipment and expertise. Robots can perform these tasks safely and efficiently, reducing the risk of contamination and accidents.
- Environmental Protection:
- Inefficient waste management leads to environmental pollution. Robotized systems can help reduce landfill waste, improve resource recovery, and minimize the environmental impact of waste disposal.
- Smart City Initiatives:
- Smart cities aim to improve efficiency and sustainability. Robotized waste management systems are integral to these initiatives, contributing to cleaner and more livable urban environments.
- When Precision Sorting Is Needed:
- In situations where waste streams contain valuable materials, or where contamination needs to be eliminated, robotic sorting becomes very important.
In essence, the adoption of robotized waste management is crucial when efficiency, safety, sustainability, and accuracy are paramount.
COURTESY : Milesight IoT
Where is required Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
Robotized solid waste administration frameworks are needed in a variety of settings, particularly where efficiency, safety, and scale are crucial. Here’s a breakdown of key locations:
Urban Environments:
- Large Cities:
- Metropolitan areas with high population densities generate massive amounts of waste, making automated systems essential for efficient collection and processing.
- Smart city initiatives are driving the adoption of robotic waste management to improve urban sustainability.
- Residential Areas:
- Automated collection systems can optimize routes and reduce the need for manual labor in residential waste collection.
Industrial and Commercial Settings:
- Recycling Facilities (MRFs):
- Material recovery facilities require precise sorting of recyclable materials, making robotic systems with AI-powered vision crucial for efficiency.
- Manufacturing Plants:
- Industries generating large volumes of waste, especially hazardous materials, benefit from robotic handling and sorting.
- Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities:
- These facilities produce medical waste, including hazardous materials, requiring safe and efficient automated handling.
- Airports and Transportation Hubs:
- High-traffic areas with significant waste generation require efficient and automated cleaning and waste management.
- Large Commercial Venues:
- Stadiums, event centers, and large shopping malls all produce large volumes of waste that could be more efficiently managed by robotic systems.
Specialized Environments:
- Hazardous Waste Sites:
- Robots can safely handle and process hazardous waste in environments that are dangerous for humans.
- Landfills:
- Robotic systems can assist in sorting and processing waste at landfills, improving efficiency and resource recovery.
In general, any location that deals with:
- High volumes of waste
- Hazardous waste materials
- The need for precise sorting and recycling
- A desire to increase efficiency and reduce labor costs
…can benefit from the implementation of robotized solid waste administration frameworks.
How is required Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
The implementation of a robotized solid waste administration framework involves several key steps and considerations. Here’s a breakdown of how it’s typically approached:
1. Assessment and Planning:
- Waste Stream Analysis:
- Understanding the composition and volume of waste generated is crucial. This involves analyzing the types of waste (recyclables, organic, hazardous, etc.) and their quantities.
- Needs Assessment:
- Identifying the specific challenges and goals of the waste management system. This could include improving recycling rates, reducing labor costs, or enhancing safety.
- Technology Selection:
- Choosing the appropriate robotic technologies, such as AI-powered sorting robots, autonomous collection vehicles, and sensor-based monitoring systems.
- Infrastructure Evaluation:
- Assessing the existing infrastructure and determining the necessary modifications to accommodate robotic systems.
2. System Integration:
- Robotic Sorting Systems:
- Installing AI-driven robots with computer vision and robotic arms in recycling facilities (MRFs) to automate the sorting process.
- Autonomous Collection:
- Deploying autonomous vehicles with robotic arms for waste collection in residential and commercial areas.
- Sensor Networks:
- Implementing sensor networks to monitor waste levels in bins and containers, enabling optimized collection routes.
- Data Management:
- Establishing a data management system to collect and analyze data from robotic systems and sensors, providing insights for improved waste management.
3. Implementation and Operation:
- Pilot Projects:
- Conducting pilot projects to test and refine the robotic systems in real-world environments.
- Training and Maintenance:
- Providing training for personnel on the operation and maintenance of robotic systems.
- Continuous Improvement:
- Continuously monitoring the performance of the robotic systems and making adjustments as needed to optimize efficiency and effectiveness.
Key Technological Components:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI):
- AI algorithms are used for waste recognition, sorting, and route optimization.
- Computer Vision:
- Cameras and image processing software enable robots to identify and classify waste materials.
- Robotics:
- Robotic arms and grippers are used for picking and sorting waste.
- Sensors:
- Sensors are used to monitor waste levels, environmental conditions, and system performance.
- Autonomous Vehicles:
- Autonomous vehicles are used for waste collection and transportation.
Important Considerations:
- Cost-effectiveness:
- Evaluating the return on investment and ensuring that the robotic systems provide a cost-effective solution.
- Scalability:
- Designing the system to be scalable to accommodate future growth in waste generation.
- Environmental Impact:
- Ensuring that the robotic systems contribute to environmental sustainability.
- Social Impact:
- Addressing potential impacts on the work force, and ensuring that the transition to robotic systems is done in a responsible manor.
By following these steps, organizations can successfully implement robotized solid waste administration frameworks and contribute to more efficient and sustainable waste management practices.
Case study is Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
It’s important to understand that the field of robotized waste management is rapidly evolving, and many deployments involve ongoing development and refinement. However, I can highlight a key area where robotic systems are making a significant impact, and provide a case study example:
Focus Area: Robotic Sorting in Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
- MRFs are crucial for recycling, but traditional manual sorting is often inefficient and prone to contamination. Robotic sorting systems, powered by AI and computer vision, are transforming these facilities.
Case Study: Waste Robotics and Hyperspectral Imaging
- A notable example involves the work of Waste Robotics, a company that develops AI-driven robotic solutions for material recovery.
- They utilize advanced technologies like hyperspectral imaging to improve the accuracy of waste sorting.
- Hyperspectral imaging allows for the identification of materials beyond what traditional cameras can detect, by analyzing the spectral signature of objects.
- In collaboration with Specim, a provider of hyperspectral imaging solutions, Waste Robotics has enhanced its sorting capabilities.
- By integrating Specim’s hyperspectral cameras, their robots can more accurately identify and separate various waste materials, leading to higher-quality recycled products.
- This technology is especially useful for identifying materials that are difficult to distinguish visually, such as certain types of plastics.
- This shows how implementing very technical solutions into the waste management field, is creating real world improvements.
Key Takeaways:
- This case study demonstrates the growing importance of advanced technologies, such as AI and hyperspectral imaging, in robotized waste management.
- Robotic sorting systems can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of recycling, contributing to a more circular economy.
- The collaboration between technology providers and waste management companies is essential for driving innovation in this field.
While fully autonomous waste collection is still developing, robotic sorting is already making a substantial impact in MRFs worldwide.
COURTESY : fintelics
White paper on Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
It’s challenging to point to a single, universally recognized “white paper” titled exactly “Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework.” However, the concepts are actively discussed in various research papers, industry reports, and publications. Here’s a breakdown of the information and where to find relevant knowledge:
Key Areas of Focus in Related Publications:
- AI and Robotics in Waste Sorting:
- Many publications focus on the application of artificial intelligence and robotics in material recovery facilities (MRFs). These papers delve into:
- Computer vision algorithms for waste identification.
- Robotic gripper technology for efficient sorting.
- The use of machine learning to improve sorting accuracy.
- You can find relevant research on platforms like:
- ResearchGate: Where academic and industry professionals share their work.
- IEEE Xplore: A digital library providing access to technical literature in electrical engineering and computer science.
- Many publications focus on the application of artificial intelligence and robotics in material recovery facilities (MRFs). These papers delve into:
- Smart Waste Management Systems:
- The concept of “smart waste management” encompasses the integration of various technologies, including robotics, sensors, and data analytics.
- Publications in this area often address:
- The design of sensor networks for waste monitoring.
- The development of data platforms for waste management.
- The implementation of autonomous waste collection systems.
- Look for information from organizations focused on:
- Smart city initiatives.
- Environmental engineering research.
- Industry Reports:
- Market research firms and technology consulting companies often publish reports on the trends and developments in waste management technology.
- These reports may provide insights into:
- The market size and growth potential of robotic waste management.
- The key players and emerging technologies in the field.
- The challenges and opportunities for implementing robotic systems.
Where to Find Information:
- Academic Databases:
- Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science are valuable resources for finding research papers on robotic waste management.
- Industry Publications:
- Trade journals and magazines related to waste management and recycling often feature articles on new technologies.
- Company Websites:
- Companies that develop robotic waste management solutions often publish white papers and case studies on their websites.
- Organizations:
- Organizations that are focused on waste management, and environmental concerns, often publish very helpful papers.
While a single, definitive “white paper” may be elusive, the information is widely available in various forms.
Industrial application of Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
The industrial application of robotized solid waste administration frameworks is transforming how various industries manage their waste. Here’s a breakdown of key areas:
1. Manufacturing and Production:
- Waste Sorting and Recycling:
- Manufacturing processes generate diverse waste streams (plastics, metals, paper, etc.). Robotic sorting systems can automate the separation of these materials, increasing recycling rates and reducing landfill waste.
- This is particularly valuable in industries with complex material compositions.
- Hazardous Waste Handling:
- Chemical manufacturing, electronics production, and other industries produce hazardous waste. Robots can handle these materials safely, minimizing risks to human workers.
- Automated systems ensure proper containment and processing of dangerous substances.
- Construction and Demolition (C&D):
- C&D waste is a significant source of debris. Robotic systems can sort and separate materials like concrete, wood, and metal, enabling their reuse or recycling.
- This reduces the environmental impact of construction projects.
2. Recycling and Waste Management Facilities:
- Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs):
- Robots are crucial for automating the sorting process in MRFs. AI-powered vision systems identify and classify materials, while robotic arms perform precise sorting.
- This increases efficiency, improves the quality of recycled materials, and reduces labor costs.
- Electronic Waste (E-waste) Processing:
- E-waste contains valuable materials but also hazardous substances. Robots can disassemble electronic devices, separating components for recycling and ensuring safe disposal of hazardous materials.
3. Healthcare:
- Medical Waste Management:
- Hospitals and healthcare facilities generate various types of medical waste, including infectious and hazardous materials. Robotic systems can automate the sorting and handling of this waste, reducing the risk of contamination.
- This is very important for the safety of medical staff.
Key Benefits in Industrial Settings:
- Increased Efficiency: Robots can operate continuously, improving throughput and reducing processing time.
- Improved Accuracy: AI-driven sorting minimizes errors and contamination, leading to higher-quality recycled materials.
- Enhanced Safety: Robots can handle hazardous materials and perform tasks in dangerous environments, protecting human workers.
- Cost Reduction: Automation can reduce labor costs and optimize waste management operations.
- Sustainability: Improved recycling rates and reduced landfill waste contribute to a more sustainable industrial sector.
In essence, robotized waste management is becoming an integral part of modern industrial operations, driving efficiency, safety, and sustainability.
Research and development of Robotized Strong Waste Administration Framework ?
The research and development (R&D) of robotized strong waste administration frameworks is a dynamic field, driven by the need for more efficient and sustainable waste management solutions. Here’s a look at key areas of R&D:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML):
- Advanced Waste Recognition:
- R&D focuses on developing AI algorithms that can accurately identify and classify diverse waste materials, even in complex and cluttered environments.
- This involves improving computer vision systems and training AI models with large datasets of waste images.
- Optimized Sorting Algorithms:
- Researchers are working on ML algorithms that can optimize sorting processes, such as determining the most efficient sequence of actions for robotic arms.
- This includes reinforcement learning techniques that allow robots to learn and adapt to changing waste streams.
2. Robotics and Automation:
- Improved Robotic Grippers:
- R&D is focused on developing grippers that can handle a wide variety of waste materials, including soft, fragile, and irregularly shaped objects.
- This involves exploring new materials, designs, and sensor technologies.
- Autonomous Navigation and Collection:
- Researchers are developing autonomous vehicles and drones that can navigate urban environments and collect waste from bins and designated areas.
- This includes research on sensor fusion, path planning, and obstacle avoidance.
- Hyperspectral Imaging:
- The use of hyperspectral imaging in waste sorting is a very important research area. This technology allows for the identification of materials that traditional cameras cannot see, greatly improving sorting accuracy.
3. Sensor Technologies and Data Analytics:
- Real-time Waste Monitoring:
- R&D is focused on developing sensor networks that can monitor waste levels in bins and containers, providing real-time data for optimized collection routes.
- This includes research on low-cost, energy-efficient sensors and wireless communication technologies.
- Data Analytics and Predictive Maintenance:
- Researchers are developing data analytics platforms that can analyze waste data to identify trends, optimize operations, and predict equipment failures.
- This includes the use of big data analytics and predictive modeling techniques.
4. Integration with Smart City Infrastructure:
- IoT-enabled Waste Management:
- R&D is focused on integrating robotic waste management systems with smart city infrastructure, such as IoT platforms and data networks.
- This includes research on interoperability, data security, and privacy.
Key Trends:
- Increasing focus on AI-driven solutions.
- Development of more versatile and adaptable robotic systems.
- Integration of sensor technologies and data analytics for optimized operations.
- Emphasis on sustainability and circular economy principles.
The R&D efforts in this field are crucial for developing the next generation of waste management systems that are efficient, sustainable, and capable of addressing the growing challenges of waste disposal.
COURTESY : World of Bin-e
References
- ^ “Environment Statistics”. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Giusti, L. (1 August 2009). “A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health”. Waste Management. 29 (8): 2227–2239. Bibcode:2009WaMan..29.2227G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.028. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 19401266. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
- ^ “Waste”. Environment Statistics. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ “Wastes”. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ Davidson, Gary (June 2011). “Waste Management Practices: Literature Review” (PDF). Dalhousie University – Office of Sustainability. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Solid Waste Management”. World Bank. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ “Glossary of environmental and waste management terms”. Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2003. pp. 337–465. doi:10.1016/B978-075067507-9/50010-3. ISBN 9780750675079.
- ^ “Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change”. www.ipcc.ch. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ Gollakota, Anjani R. K.; Gautam, Sneha; Shu, Chi-Min (1 May 2020). “Inconsistencies of e-waste management in developing nations – Facts and plausible solutions”. Journal of Environmental Management. 261: 110234. Bibcode:2020JEnvM.26110234G. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110234. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 32148304. S2CID 212641354. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ Elegba, S. B. (2006). “Import/export control of radioactive sources in Nigeria”. Safety and security of radioactive sources: Towards a global system for the continuous control of sources throughout their life cycle. Proceedings of an international conference. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ “E –Waste Management through Regulations” (PDF). International Journal of Engineering Inventions. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ “Health crisis: Up to a billion tons of waste potentially burned in the open every year”. phys.org. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Cook, E.; Velis, C. A. (6 January 2021). “Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life”. Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ R. Dhana, Raju (2021). “Waste Management in India – An Overview” (PDF). United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT). 02 (7): 175–196. eISSN 2582-6832. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ^ Sankar, Ajith (2015). Environmental Management. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199458912.
- ^ Albert, Raleigh (4 August 2011). “The Proper Care and Use of a Garbage Disposal”. Disposal Mag. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ “14.6: Waste Management”. Medicine LibreTexts. 30 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies Moving from Challenges to Opportunities (PDF). United Nations Environmental Programme. 2013. ISBN 978-92-807-3333-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ “14.6: Waste Management”. Medicine LibreTexts. 30 August 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ “What is the polluter pays principle?”. LSE. 11 May 2018. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ Barbalace, Roberta Crowell (1 August 2003). “The History of Waste”. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Florence Nightingale, Selected Writings of Florence Nightingale Archived 1 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine, ed. Lucy Ridgely Seymer (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1954), pp. 38287
- ^ Jump up to:a b Herbert, Lewis (2007). “Centenary History of Waste and Waste Managers in London and South East England”. Chartered Institution of Wastes Management.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Chadwick, Edwin (1842). Report…from the Poor Law Commissioners on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. London. pp. 369–372. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2015 – via The Victorian Web.
- ^ Hamlin, Christopher; Sheard, Sally (29 August 1998). “Revolutions in public health: 1848, and 1998?”. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 317 (7158): 587–591. doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7158.587. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1113797. PMID 9721121.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “History of Solid Waste Management”. Washington, D.C.: National Waste & Recycling Association. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Maier, D. (1979). “Nineteenth-Century Asante Medical Practices”. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 21 (1): 63–81. doi:10.1017/S0010417500012652. JSTOR 178452. PMID 11614369. S2CID 19587869.
- ^ Gandy, Matthew (1994). Recycling and the Politics of Urban Waste. Earthscan. ISBN 9781853831683.
- ^ “Covered Bodies”. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015.
- ^ “Siemens” (PDF). www.siemens.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Kaufman, Scott M.; Krishnan, Nikhil; Themelis, Nickolas J. (1 August 2010). “A Screening Life Cycle Metric to Benchmark the Environmental Sustainability of Waste Management Systems”. Environmental Science & Technology. 44 (15): 5949–5955. Bibcode:2010EnST…44.5949K. doi:10.1021/es100505u. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 20666561.
- ^ “Segregation of waste”. The Nation. 2 February 2019. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ “Why should I segregate my waste properly? | EMS”. www.em-solutions.co.uk. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Raj, K.; Prasad, K. K.; Bansal, N. K. (1 April 2006). “Radioactive waste management practices in India”. Nuclear Engineering and Design. India’s Reactors: Past, Present, Future. 236 (7): 914–930. Bibcode:2006NuEnD.236..914R. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.09.036. ISSN 0029-5493. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
- ^ Tomita, Andrew; Cuadros, Diego F; Burns, Jonathan K; Tanser, Frank; Slotow, Rob (16 June 2020). “Exposure to waste sites and their impact on health: a panel and geospatial analysis of nationally representative data from South Africa, 2008–2015”. The Lancet. Planetary Health. 4 (6): e223 – e234. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30101-7. ISSN 2542-5196. PMC 7302423. PMID 32559439.
- ^ “Why is poverty linked with exposure to toxic chemicals?”. www.medicalnewstoday.com. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ “Regulatory and Guidance Information by Topic: Waste”. Environmental Protection Agency. 10 November 2014.
- ^ “Overview of technologies for the treatment of infectious and sharp waste from health care facilities”. www.who.int. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ Velis, Costas; Conversation, The. “Health crisis: Up to a billion tons of waste potentially burned in the open every year”. phys.org. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ “Financing of Solid Waste Management Projects | BioEnergy Consult”. 28 September 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Ergun, Merve (5 August 2022). “The Waste Tax in Italy”. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4182310. S2CID 251685226.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ “01-DMG” (PDF). web.mit.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Carroll, Gregory J.; Thurnau, Robert C.; Fournier, Donald J. (5 March 2012). “Mercury Emissions from a Hazardous Waste Incinerator Equipped with a State-of-the-Art WetScrubber”. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 45 (9): 730–736. doi:10.1080/10473289.1995.10467401.
- ^ “Energies”. www.mdpi.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ “what is recycling”. What is Recycling. 28 September 2020 – via conserve energy future.[permanent dead link]
- ^ City of Chicago, Illinois. Department of Streets and Sanitation. “What is Single Stream Recycling.” Archived 23 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-12-09.
- ^ Montgomery County, Maryland. Division of Solid Waste Services. “Curbside Collection.” Archived 17 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-12-09.
- ^ “Types of Recycling”. ISM Waste & Recycling. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Walker, T. R. (2018). China’s ban on imported plastic waste could be a game changer. Nature, 553(7689), 405–405.
- ^ “Waste Management – Biological Reprocessing”. 3 July 2010. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Energy Recovery from Waste”. USEPA. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ “Waste Hierarchy”. New Energy Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ Czajczyńska, D.; Anguilano, L.; Ghazal, H.; Krzyżyńska, R.; Reynolds, A.J.; Spencer, N.; Jouhara, H. (September 2017). “Potential of pyrolysis processes in the waste management sector”. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 3: 171–197. Bibcode:2017TSEP….3..171C. doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2017.06.003.
- ^ Oxford Reference – Pyrolysis
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ By Prabir Basu: Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction: Practical Design and Theory
- ^ Chen, Dezhen; Yin, Lijie; Wang, Huan; He, Pinjing (December 2014). “Pyrolysis technologies for municipal solid waste: A review”. Waste Management. 34 (12): 2466–2486. Bibcode:2014WaMan..34.2466C. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.004. PMID 25256662.
- ^ “Frequent Questions”. USEPA. 2012. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Resource Recovery”. Government of Montana. 2012. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What is Resource Recovery?”. Grand Traverse County. 2006. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Kabongo, Jean D. (2013), “Waste Valorization”, in Idowu, Samuel O.; Capaldi, Nicholas; Zu, Liangrong; Gupta, Ananda Das (eds.), Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 2701–2706, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_680, ISBN 978-3-642-28036-8, retrieved 17 June 2021
- ^ “Waste Valorization”. www.aiche.org. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “When a waste becomes a resource for energy and new materials”. www.biogreen-energy.com. 28 December 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Nzihou, Ange; Lifset, Reid (March 2010). “Waste Valorization, Loop-Closing, and Industrial Ecology”. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 14 (2): 196–199. Bibcode:2010JInEc..14..196N. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00242.x. S2CID 155060338.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Waste and Biomass Valorization”. Springer. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Arancon, Rick Arneil D.; Lin, Carol Sze Ki; Chan, King Ming; Kwan, Tsz Him; Luque, Rafael (2013). “Advances on waste valorization: new horizons for a more sustainable society”. Energy Science & Engineering. 1 (2): 53–71. Bibcode:2013EneSE…1…53A. doi:10.1002/ese3.9. ISSN 2050-0505.
- ^ “Liquid Waste | Waste Management”. u.osu.edu. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003). Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering: treatment and reuse (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company. ISBN 0-07-041878-0.
- ^ George Tchobanoglous; Franklin L. Burton; H. David Stensel (2003). “Chapter 3: Analysis and Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings”. Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-041878-0. OCLC 48053912.
- ^ Von Sperling, M. (2007). “Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal”. Water Intelligence Online. 6. doi:10.2166/9781780402086. ISSN 1476-1777. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- ^ “Pollution Prevention Case Studies”. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 11 August 2021.
- ^ Henze, M.; van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.; Ekama, G.A.; Brdjanovic, D. (2008). Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modelling and Design. IWA Publishing. doi:10.2166/9781780401867. ISBN 978-1-78040-186-7. S2CID 108595515. (Spanish and Arabic versions are available online for free)
- ^ Von Sperling, M. (2015). “Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal”. Water Intelligence Online. 6: 9781780402086. doi:10.2166/9781780402086. ISSN 1476-1777.
- ^ “Centrifuge Thickening and Dewatering. Fact sheet”. EPA. September 2000. EPA 832-F-00-053.
- ^ “Belt Filter Press. Fact sheet”. Biosolids. EPA. September 2000. EPA 832-F-00-057.
- ^ Panagos, Panos; Ballabio, Cristiano; Lugato, Emanuele; Jones, Arwyn; Borrelli, Pasquale; Scarpa, Simone; Orgiazzi, Albert o; Montanarella, Luca (9 July 2018). “Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Copper Inputs to European Agricultural Soils”. Sustainability. 10 (7): 2380. doi:10.3390/su10072380. ISSN 2071-1050.
- ^ C., Reed, Sherwood (1988). Natural systems for waste management and treatment. Middlebrooks, E. Joe., Crites, Ronald W. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 268–290. ISBN 0070515212. OCLC 16087827.
- ^ “Waste Minimization”. ehs.ucsc.edu. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ “Removing food remains to reduce waste”. Recycling Guide. 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ^ Schneider, Michael; Johnson, Liz. “Lightweighting”. Projects in Scientific Computing. Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “3: Waste Generation” (PDF). What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management (Report). Urban Development. World Bank. pp. 8–13.
- ^ Nixon, Rob (2011). Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- ^ Grossman, Gene M.; Krueger, Alan B. (1994). “Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement”. In Garber, Peter (ed.). The U.S. Mexico Free Trade Agreement. MIT Press. pp. 13–56. doi:10.3386/w3914. ISBN 0-262-07152-5.
- ^ Smith, Jackie (March 2001). “Globalizing Resistance: The Battle of Seattle and the Future of Social Movements” (PDF). Mobilization: An International Quarterly. 6 (1): 1–19. doi:10.17813/maiq.6.1.y63133434t8vq608.
- ^ 15 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol’y 373 (1992)Fallacies of Free Market Environmentalism, The ; Blumm, Michael C.
- ^ Polychroniou, CJ. “Neoliberalism and the Politics of Higher Education: An Interview With Henry A. Giroux.” Truthout. N.p., 26 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http://truth-out.org/news/item/15237-predatory-capitalism-and-the-attack-on-higher-education-an-interview-with-henry-a-giroux>.
- ^ Gérard Duménil; Dominique Lévy (23 September 2005). “Neoliberalism – Neoimperialism” (PDF). EconomiX-CNRS and PSE-CNRS: 1–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014.
- ^ “Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries”. An IMF Issues Brief. International Monetary Fund. November 2001. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Jay Johnson; Gary Pecquet; Leon Taylor (Fall 2007). “Potential Gains from Trade in Dirty Industries: Revisiting Lawrence Summers’ Memo” (PDF). Cato Journal. 27 (3). Cato Institute: 398–402.
- ^ Dao-Tuan, Anh; Nguyen-Thi-Ngoc, Anh; Nguyen-Trong, Khanh; Bui-Tuan, Anh; Dinh-Thi-Hai, Van (2018), Chen, Yuanfang; Duong, Trung Q. (eds.), “Optimizing Vehicle Routing with Path and Carbon Dioxide Emission for Municipal Solid Waste Collection in Ha Giang, Vietnam”, Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol. 221, Springer International Publishing, pp. 212–227, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74176-5_19, ISBN 9783319741758
- ^ Abarca Guerrero, Lilliana; Maas, Ger; Hogland, William (2013). “Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries” (PDF). Waste Management. 33 (1): 220–232. Bibcode:2013WaMan..33..220G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008. PMID 23098815. S2CID 205673283. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2024 – via Academia Ucentral.
- ^ Zafar, Salman (29 January 2020). “Waste Management Challenges in Developing Nations”. BioEnergy Consult. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Claire Swedberg (4 February 2014). “Air-Trak Brings Visibility to Waste Management”. RFID Journal. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ Abdoli, S (28 September 2020). “RFID Application in Municipal Solid Waste Management system”. International Journal of Environmental Research – via ResearchGate.
- ^ “Sensors Used in Waste Management”. NORD SENSE. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ “Madrid: Eliminating Overflowing Waste with Reliable and High-Quality Data”. NORD SENSE. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ United Nations Environment Programme, UN. “Global Waste Management Outlook 2024” (PDF). www.unep.org. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ “No time to waste: A sustainability challenge for cities”. Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ Ding, Yin (2021). “A review of China’s municipal solid waste (MSW) and comparison with international regions: Management and technologies in treatment and resource utilization”. Journal of Cleaner Production. 293: 126144. Bibcode:2021JCPro.29326144D. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126144. S2CID 233579268.
- ^ “How the world should cope with its growing piles of rubbish”. The Economist. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “Zero Waste Case Study: San Francisco”. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ Brigham, Katie (14 July 2018). “How San Francisco sends less trash to the landfill than any other major U.S. city”. CNBC. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Turkey”. Waste Atlas. University of GGBC and ISWA. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ DEFRA, Waste management plan for England Archived 25 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 22 December 2020
- ^ “Project Detail”. sgp.undp.org. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ “The Global E-waste Monitor 2020 – Quantities, flows, and the circular economy potential”. UNITA.
- ^ “Map”. unitar.
- ^ Parajuly K, Kuehr R, Awasthi AK, Fitzpatrick C, Lepawsky J, Smith E, Widmer R, Zeng X (2019). Future E-waste Scenarios (PDF). unitar (Report). StEP (Bonn), UNU ViE-SCYCLE (Bonn) & UNEP IETC (Osaka).
- ^ “The Global Transboundary E-waste Flows Monitor 2022”. Unitar. United Nation Institute for Training and Research.