Annexures - demingrating.com

Annexures ?

An annexure is a supplementary document that is attached to a main document, such as a contract, report, or legal agreement. It provides additional information that is relevant to the main document but is not included in the main body.

Key Points:

Supplementary Information: Annexures offer extra details, data, or explanations that support the main document’s content.
Not Always Integral: Unlike schedules or appendices, annexures may not always be considered an integral part of the main agreement. Their legal standing depends on how they are referenced in the main document.
Flexibility: Annexures can be used for various purposes, such as:
- Detailed specifications
- Supporting data or statistics
- Background information
- Copies of relevant documents

Examples:

In a contract for the sale of goods, an annexure might include a detailed description of the goods, their specifications, and any warranties.
In a research report, an annexure could contain raw data, survey results, or detailed calculations.
In a legal agreement, an annexure might include copies of relevant permits, licenses, or other supporting documents.

Difference Between Annexure, Appendix, and Schedule:

While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there are subtle differences:

Appendix: Usually considered part of the main document and provides supplementary information that is essential to understanding the main content.
Schedule: Often lists specific items, details, or conditions that are crucial to the agreement, like a payment schedule or a list of deliverables.
Annexure: Provides additional information that is relevant but not necessarily essential to the main document’s validity or understanding.

Best Practice:

To avoid ambiguity, it’s always best to clearly define the purpose and legal standing of any attachment, whether it’s called an annexure, appendix, or schedule, within the main document itself.

What is Annexures ?

An annexure is like an extra section added to a main document, kind of like an appendix, but with a slightly different purpose. It’s used to provide additional information that’s relevant to the main document but not necessarily crucial for understanding its core content.

Think of it this way:

Main document: This is the core agreement, report, or legal text.
Annexure: This is where you put extra details, supporting data, or background information that would clutter the main document but are still important to include.

Here’s a breakdown of what annexures are used for:

Detailed specifications: If you have a contract for complex equipment, the annexure might contain the precise technical details.
Supporting data: In a research paper, you might include raw data or detailed calculations in an annexure.
Background information: A legal agreement might have an annexure with relevant permits or licenses.
Copies of documents: Sometimes, you’ll include copies of supporting documents in an annexure.

Key things to remember about annexures:

They are supplementary: They provide extra information, but the main document should be understandable without them.
Their legal standing varies: Unlike some other attachments, an annexure might not be considered an integral part of the main agreement unless it’s specifically referenced in the main document.

How is it different from an appendix or a schedule?

While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there are subtle differences:

Appendix: This is usually considered an essential part of the main document, providing crucial supplementary information.
Schedule: This often lists specific items or conditions, like a payment schedule or a list of deliverables.

Best practice: Always clearly define the purpose and legal standing of any attachment, whether it’s called an annexure, appendix, or schedule, within the main document itself to avoid any confusion.

Who is required Annexures ?

Annexures are required by anyone who needs to provide supplementary information alongside a main document. It’s not tied to a specific type of person or profession. Think of it more in terms of situations where extra detail is needed. Here are some examples:

Businesses: When creating contracts (sales agreements, service agreements, etc.), detailed product specifications, pricing lists, or terms and conditions might be attached as annexures.
Researchers: In academic papers or reports, researchers often include raw data, detailed calculations, or survey results in annexures.
Lawyers: Legal documents like agreements, briefs, or pleadings may have annexures containing supporting evidence, copies of relevant laws, or other legal documents.
Government agencies: When issuing reports, regulations, or permits, agencies might use annexures to provide detailed guidelines, technical specifications, or supporting data.
Individuals: Even individuals might use annexures. For example, when submitting a detailed application for a loan or a job, they might attach supporting documents like financial statements or letters of recommendation as annexures.

Essentially, anyone who needs to provide more information than what comfortably fits in the main document can use an annexure. The need for an annexure arises when the additional information is:

Too detailed: It would clutter the main document and make it harder to read.
Supplementary: It’s important information but not essential for understanding the core message of the main document.
Required for completeness: While not essential, it provides a more thorough understanding or supports the claims made in the main document.

When is required Annexures ?

You need an annexure when you have important information that:

Is too detailed or extensive to fit comfortably in the main document. You don’t want to clutter the main document with lots of technical details, raw data, or lengthy explanations.
Is supplementary to the main content. It provides extra context or supports the main points, but isn’t absolutely essential for understanding the core message.
Would disrupt the flow of the main document. Including it in the main body would make it harder to read and follow.

Here are some specific situations where an annexure is often necessary:

Contracts: When you have detailed product specifications, pricing lists, or complex terms and conditions that would make the main contract too long or complicated.
Research papers: To include raw data, detailed calculations, survey results, or lengthy explanations of methodologies without interrupting the flow of the main research findings.
Legal documents: For supporting evidence, copies of relevant laws or regulations, or detailed explanations of legal concepts.
Technical reports: To provide detailed technical specifications, diagrams, or data tables that are important but not necessary for a general understanding of the report’s conclusions.
Business proposals: To include detailed financial projections, market analysis data, or resumes of key personnel.

Essentially, an annexure is useful whenever you need to provide more information than what’s practical or appropriate to include in the main document itself. It allows you to keep the main document concise and focused while still providing all the necessary details in a separate, easily accessible section.

COURTESY : Worldwide Spoken English By VS

Where is required Annexures ?

Annexures are required as attachments to a main document. They don’t exist independently. So, the “where” refers to where they are attached and where they are referenced.

Physically attached: Annexures are typically physically attached to the main document. This might mean:
- Paper documents: Stapled, bound, or clipped together with the main document.
- Digital documents: Included in the same file (e.g., a PDF) after the main body, or as a separate file linked to the main document.
Referenced in the main document: Crucially, the main document must refer to the annexure. This is how the annexure becomes part of the overall document. The reference should be clear, for example:
- “See Annexure A for detailed product specifications.”
- “The financial projections are provided in Annexure B.”
Location within the document: In paper documents, annexures are usually placed at the end of the main document, after the main body and any other appendices or schedules. In digital documents, they follow a similar logical structure.

So, the “where” isn’t a physical place like a room or a website. It’s a logical and physical placement relative to the main document, and the key is that the main document mentions the annexure. Without that reference, the annexure might as well not exist for the purposes of the agreement or report.

How is required Annexures ?

The key to properly using annexures lies in clear referencing and organization. Here’s a breakdown of how it’s done:

1. Preparation of the Annexure:

Gather your information: Collect all the supplementary materials you want to include. This might be data, specifications, legal documents, etc.
Organize the content: Structure the information logically within the annexure. Use headings, subheadings, tables, and figures as needed to make it easy to follow.
Format consistently: Ensure the annexure follows the same formatting style as the main document (font, size, margins, etc.) for a professional look.
Numbering: Assign a clear identifier to each annexure (e.g., Annexure A, Annexure 1). This makes it easy to refer to them in the main document.

2. Referencing in the Main Document:

Clear and specific: When you need to refer to information in the annexure, do so clearly and specifically within the main document.
- Instead of: “See the attached information.”
- Use: “See Annexure A for detailed product specifications.”
Context is important: Briefly explain why you’re referring to the annexure. Give the reader a clear understanding of what information they’ll find there and how it relates to the main document.
Placement of references: Place the references at the relevant points in the main document where the information in the annexure becomes relevant.

3. Placement and Attachment:

End of the document: Annexures are typically placed at the very end of the main document, after the main body, any appendices, and any other schedules.
Physical or digital:
- Paper documents: Annexures are physically attached to the main document, usually by stapling, binding, or clipping them together.
- Digital documents: Annexures can be included in the same file (e.g., as a PDF after the main body) or as separate files that are clearly linked to the main document.

4. Legal Considerations (if applicable):

Reference in legal agreements: If the main document is a legal agreement, it’s crucial to clearly define the legal standing of the annexure within the agreement itself. State whether it’s considered an integral part of the agreement or just supplementary information.
Review by legal counsel: If you’re dealing with legal documents, it’s always best to have them reviewed by a legal professional to ensure the annexures are properly incorporated and legally sound.

Example:

Let’s say you’re writing a report on a new marketing campaign.

Main document: Contains the summary of the campaign, its objectives, and key results.
Annexure B: Contains the detailed survey data collected during the campaign.

In the main document, you might write: “The complete survey results, including detailed breakdowns by demographics and regions, are available in Annexure B.”

By following these steps, you can effectively use annexures to provide supplementary information in a clear, organized, and legally sound manner.

Case study is Annexures ?

A case study is not typically an annexure. While both provide additional information, they serve different purposes and have different relationships to the main document.

Annexure: Provides supplementary information that supports the main document but isn’t necessarily crucial for understanding its core content. Think of it as extra details, data, or background. It’s often referenced within the main document.
Case Study: A detailed analysis of a specific instance or example. It’s often used to illustrate a point, provide context, or explore a complex issue in more depth. While it can be included as part of a larger work, it’s usually more substantial and self-contained than an annexure.

Here’s why a case study is distinct from an annexure:

Scope: A case study is a more in-depth exploration of a specific situation. An annexure is generally more focused on providing supporting data or details.
Purpose: A case study aims to provide a detailed example or analysis. An annexure aims to supplement the main document with additional information.
Relationship to main document: A case study might be related to the main document’s topic, but it’s not simply supplementary material. It often stands on its own as a separate piece of analysis.

How a case study might be used in relation to a main document:

As a separate chapter or section: A case study could be included as a dedicated section within a larger report or book.
Referenced within the main document: The main document might refer to the case study to illustrate a point or provide real-world context.
As a standalone document: A case study could be published separately and then referenced by the main document.

In summary: A case study is a more substantial and independent piece of work than an annexure. While it can be related to the main document and provide valuable insights, it’s not simply supplementary information like an annexure. Think of a case study as a separate story that helps illustrate the points made in the main text, whereas an annexure is more like an appendix providing extra data and details.

COURTESY : Meanings

White paper on Annexures ?

White Paper: Demystifying Annexures – A Guide to Effective Supplementary Documentation

Annexures are a common feature in various documents, from legal agreements to research papers. However, their purpose and proper usage are often misunderstood. This white paper aims to clarify the concept of annexures, outlining their purpose, differentiating them from other supplementary materials, and providing best practices for their creation and integration.

1. What are Annexures?

An annexure is a supplementary document attached to a main document to provide additional information that supports, clarifies, or expands upon the main content. It’s a way to include detailed data, specifications, background information, or copies of supporting documents without cluttering the main body. Annexures are not intended to be the core content; they provide extra context.

2. Purpose of Annexures:

Detailed Information: Annexures are ideal for housing detailed specifications, raw data, or lengthy explanations that would disrupt the flow of the main document.
Supporting Evidence: They can contain supporting documents, such as permits, licenses, or financial statements, that validate claims or provide context.
Background Information: Annexures can offer background information that is relevant but not essential for understanding the main points.
Clarity and Conciseness: By moving supplementary information to an annexure, the main document remains concise and focused, improving readability.

3. Annexures vs. Appendices vs. Schedules:

While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there are key distinctions:

Feature	Annexure	Appendix	Schedule
Purpose	Supplementary information, not always integral	Essential supplementary information	Lists, details, or conditions
Relationship to Main Document	Supports and expands upon main content	Crucial for understanding the main content	Integral part of the agreement or report
Examples	Detailed specifications, raw data, background information	Methodologies, in-depth analysis, complex proofs	Payment schedules, lists of deliverables, timelines

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4. Best Practices for Creating and Using Annexures:

Clear Identification: Each annexure should be clearly labeled (e.g., Annexure A, Annexure 1) for easy reference.
Logical Organization: Organize the content within each annexure logically, using headings, subheadings, tables, and figures as appropriate.
Consistent Formatting: Maintain consistent formatting between the main document and the annexures.
Specific References: The main document must explicitly refer to each annexure. Avoid vague phrases like “see attached.” Use specific references like “See Annexure B for detailed financial projections.”
Placement: Annexures are typically placed at the end of the main document, after the main body, appendices, and any other schedules.
Legal Considerations: In legal documents, clearly define the legal standing of the annexures within the main agreement. State whether they are considered an integral part of the agreement. Consult legal counsel as needed.

5. Example:

Imagine a contract for the sale of custom software.

Main Document: Outlines the core terms of the agreement, including payment terms and delivery timelines.
Annexure A: Contains detailed software specifications, including functionalities, features, and technical requirements.
Annexure B: Includes a service level agreement (SLA) outlining performance guarantees and support provisions.

6. Conclusion:

Annexures are valuable tools for organizing and presenting supplementary information. By following best practices, you can ensure that your annexures are clear, effective, and contribute to the overall clarity and completeness of your documents. Proper use of annexures enhances readability, improves understanding, and strengthens the overall impact of your communication.

Industrial application of Annexures ?

Annexures are incredibly useful in various industrial applications. Here are some common examples:

1. Manufacturing:

Detailed product specifications: When dealing with complex machinery or components, annexures can contain precise technical specifications, drawings, and performance requirements. This ensures clarity and avoids ambiguity in contracts or orders.
Quality control procedures: Manufacturing processes often involve strict quality control measures. Annexures can house detailed testing procedures, inspection checklists, and quality standards.
Material safety data sheets (MSDS): For hazardous materials, MSDS provide crucial safety information. These are often included as annexures to ensure proper handling and storage.

2. Construction:

Blueprints and schematics: Construction projects rely heavily on detailed plans. Annexures can contain architectural blueprints, electrical schematics, and structural drawings.
Bills of quantities: These documents list all the materials required for a project, along with their quantities and costs. They are essential for budgeting and procurement.
Contracts and agreements: Construction contracts often have annexures with detailed terms and conditions, payment schedules, and project timelines.

3. Engineering:

Technical reports: Engineering projects often generate extensive reports with data, analysis, and recommendations. Annexures can contain raw data, calculations, simulations, and other supporting information.
Design specifications: Annexures can include detailed design specifications for products, systems, or processes, ensuring that they meet specific requirements and standards.
Testing and inspection reports: After construction or manufacturing, testing and inspection reports are crucial for verifying compliance. These can be included as annexures.

4. Research and Development:

Experimental data: Scientific research generates vast amounts of data. Annexures can contain raw data, statistical analysis, and detailed descriptions of experimental methodologies.
Patent applications: Patent applications require detailed descriptions of inventions. Annexures can include drawings, diagrams, and experimental results to support the claims.
Technical documentation: When developing new products or technologies, annexures can contain detailed technical documentation, including user manuals, maintenance guides, and troubleshooting instructions.

5. Supply Chain Management:

Supplier agreements: Agreements with suppliers often have annexures with detailed product specifications, quality standards, and delivery schedules.
Logistics and transportation documents: Annexures can include packing lists, shipping manifests, and customs documents to ensure smooth movement of goods.
Inventory management: Annexures can contain detailed inventory lists, stock levels, and reordering procedures.

General Benefits of Using Annexures in Industry:

Organization: Annexures help organize large amounts of information, making it easier to find and reference specific details.
Clarity: They improve clarity by separating detailed information from the main document, making it more concise and focused.
Efficiency: Annexures enhance efficiency by providing quick access to supporting information, reducing the need to search through lengthy documents.
Legal compliance: In many industries, annexures are essential for demonstrating compliance with regulations and standards.

By effectively using annexures, industries can improve communication, streamline processes, and ensure that all necessary information is readily available.

Research and development of Annexures ?

While the concept of an “annexure” itself might not be a hotbed of research and development, the way we use and manage supplementary information in documents is definitely an area of ongoing improvement. Here are some potential areas of research and development related to annexures:

1. Standardization and Best Practices:

Developing clear guidelines: Research could focus on establishing standardized definitions and best practices for using annexures across different fields (legal, academic, technical, etc.). This would reduce ambiguity and improve consistency.
Creating style guides: Developing specific style guides for annexures could help ensure consistent formatting and presentation, making them easier to read and understand.
International collaboration: Collaboration between researchers and organizations in different countries could lead to globally accepted standards for annexure usage.

2. Technology and Automation:

Software tools: Developing software tools that automate the creation and management of annexures could save time and reduce errors. These tools could help with formatting, numbering, cross-referencing, and even generating annexures from databases or other sources.
Digital integration: Research could explore ways to better integrate annexures into digital document workflows, making them easier to access, share, and manage. This could involve developing new file formats or metadata standards.
Artificial intelligence: AI could be used to analyze documents and automatically suggest appropriate content for annexures, or even generate annexures based on the main document’s content.

3. Usability and Accessibility:

Improving readability: Research could focus on how to make annexures more readable and user-friendly. This could involve studying different formatting styles, layout options, and the use of visual aids.
Accessibility for all: Ensuring that annexures are accessible to people with disabilities is crucial. Research could explore how to make annexures compatible with assistive technologies, such as screen readers.
User testing: Conducting user testing with different types of annexures could provide valuable insights into how to improve their usability and effectiveness.

4. Legal and Ethical Considerations:

Legal validity: Research could examine the legal implications of including information in annexures, ensuring that they are properly incorporated and referenced in legal documents.
Data privacy: When annexures contain sensitive data, research could explore how to ensure compliance with data privacy regulations.
Intellectual property: Research could address issues related to intellectual property rights when using copyrighted material in annexures.

5. Interdisciplinary Approaches:

Information science: Researchers in information science could contribute to the development of better ways to organize, manage, and retrieve information within annexures.
Linguistics: Linguistic analysis could help improve the clarity and conciseness of language used in annexures.
Cognitive psychology: Research in cognitive psychology could explore how people process and understand information presented in annexures, leading to more effective design principles.

By exploring these areas, researchers and developers can contribute to making annexures more useful, efficient, and accessible, ultimately improving the way we communicate and share information in various fields.

COURTESY : KAYU CENTER

References

^ (Latin ad, to, and nexus, joining)
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c Rothwell et al. 2014, p. 360: “Annexation is distinct from cession. Instead of a State seeking to relinquish territory, annexation occurs when the acquiring State asserts that it now holds the territory. Annexation will usual follow a military occupation of a territory, when the occupying power decides to cement its physical control by asserting legal title. The annexation of territory is essentially the administrative action associated with conquest. Mere conquest alone is not enough, but rather the conquering State must assert it is now sovereign over the territory concerned. For example, the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 led to their occupation by the United States and allies for a number of years, but the States themselves were not absorbed by the Allied Powers part of their respective territories. Examples of annexation in contemporary practice are not common, and are generally viewed as illegal.”
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Hofmann 2013, p. i: “Annexation means the forcible acquisition of territory by one State at the expense of another State. It is one of the principal modes of acquiring territory… in contrast to acquisition a) of terra nullius by means of effective occupation accompanied by the intent to appropriate the territory; b) by cession as a result of a treaty concluded between the States concerned (Treaties), or an act of adjudication, both followed by the effective peaceful transfer of territory; c) by means of prescription defined as the legitimization of a doubtful title to territory by passage of time and presumed acquiescence of the former sovereign; d) by accretion constituting the physical process by which new land is formed close to, or becomes attached to, existing land. Under present international law, annexation no longer constitutes a legally admissible mode of acquisition of territory as it violates the prohibition of the threat or use of force. Therefore annexations must not be recognized as legal.”
^ Jump up to:^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Barclay, Thomas (1911). “Annexation“. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 73.
^ Goertz, Gary; Diehl, Paul F.; Balas, Alexandru (2016), “The Development of Territorial Norms and the Norm against Conquest”, The Puzzle of Peace, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199301027.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-930102-7
^ Altman, Dan (2020). “The Evolution of Territorial Conquest After 1945 and the Limits of the Territorial Integrity Norm”. International Organization. 74 (3): 490–522. doi:10.1017/S0020818320000119. ISSN 0020-8183. S2CID 226467742. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
^ Marcelo G Kohen (2017). “Conquest”. In Frauke Lachenmann; Rüdiger Wolfrum (eds.). The Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of Force: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-19-878462-3. Conquest and annexation are not synonymous either. The latter term is used within and outside the context of armed conflicts, to designate a unilateral decision adopted by a State in order to extend its sovereignty over a given territory. In many cases, the effective occupation of a terra nullius was followed by a declaration of annexation, in order to incorporate the territory under the sovereignty of the acquiring State. In the context of armed conflicts, annexation is the case in which the victorious State unilaterally declares that it is henceforth sovereign over the territory having passed under its control as a result of hostilities. This attempt at producing a transfer of sovereignty through the exclusive decision of the victor is not generally recognized as valid, both in classical and in contemporary international law. An example of a case of annexation preceding the adoption of the UN Charter is the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1908. The annexation was not recognized by the major Powers and required a modification of the 1878 Treaty of Berlin which had simply granted Austria-Hungary the right to administer the territory. Another example is the annexation of Ethiopia by Italy in 1936. Examples of purported contemporary annexations are the Golan Heights annexed by Israel in 1980 and Kuwait by Iraq in 1990, both declared null and void by the Security Council, or the incorporation of Crimea and the City of Sebastopol in the Russian Federation.
^ Kohen, p.288, refers to clause 101 of the PERMANENT COURT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE, 1933, April 5th, General List: No. 43. TWENTY-SIXTH SESSION, LEGAL STATUS OF EASTERN GREENLAND: “Conquest only operates as a cause of loss of sovereignty when there is war between two States and by reason of the defeat of one of them sovereignty over territory passes from the loser to the victorious State.”
^ “Annexation”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 20 March 2014. Unlike cession, whereby territory is given or sold through treaty, annexation is a unilateral act made effective by actual possession and legitimized by general recognition.
^ Dajani, Omar M. (2017). “Symposium on revisiting Israel’s settlements: Israel’s creeping annexation”. AJIL Unbound. 111. Cambridge University Press: 51–56. doi:10.1017/aju.2017.21. ISSN 2398-7723. S2CID 149297181. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022. …today’s legal prohibition of conquest creates an incentive for states to obfuscate the reality of annexation that did not exist when such actions were lawful. Excessive formalism, accordingly, seems misplaced when assessing whether a state has manifested an intention to hold a territory “under its dominion” with sufficient clarity to constitute an unlawful annexation. Indeed, state practice offers no shortage of examples in which the international community has looked past a state’s formal characterization of its actions when evaluating their lawfulness for this purpose—most recently in relation to Russia’s annexation of Crimea. Accordingly, while a formal act of annexation is powerful evidence of intent, the lack of one is by no means dispositive. What other kinds of acts signal such an intention? As noted above, it may be signaled by a state’s exercise, for a prolonged time, of the kinds of governmental functions typically reserved to a sovereign. An occupant’s refusal to accept the law of occupation’s applicability would seem probative for drawing this conclusion—as would a refusal to comply with duties under that law that relate specifically to distinguishing the rights of an occupant from those of a sovereign.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Korman, S. (1996). The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice. Clarendon Press. pp. 253–254 (also see note 11). ISBN 978-0-19-158380-3. Retrieved 9 March 2022. However, in an era which has repudiated the ‘right of conquest’, the term ‘annexation’ is discreetly avoided by all states effecting acquisitions of territory by force.
^ Boris N. Mamlyuk (6 July 2015). “The Ukraine Crisis, Cold War II, and International Law”. The German Law Journal. SSRN 2627417.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c Jennings & Kohen 2017, p. 80.
^ Hofmann 2013, p. ii: “…States are under a legal obligation to abide by the Stimson Doctrine and not to recognize as lawful territorial changes effected by means of annexation. Moreover, even the annexation of the entire territory of a State does not result in the automatic extinction of that State as a subject of international law notwithstanding that it no longer has the capacity to act as such since it cannot exercise sovereign and effective control over any territory.”
^ Aust 2010, p. 36.
^ Jennings & Kohen 2017, p. 81.
^ Carrie McDougall (2021). The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108769143. ISBN 978-1-108-73852-1. S2CID 241838777. Any of the following acts, regardless of a declaration of war, shall, in accordance with United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974, qualify as an act of aggression:(a) The invasion or attack by the armed forces of a State of the territory of another State, or any military occupation, however temporary, resulting from such invasion or attack, or any annexation by the use of force of the territory of another State or part thereof;
^ Wrange 2015, p. 14.
^ Lynk, Michael (22 October 2018). Situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967 (Report). United Nations. p. 7.
^ “Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Commentary – Art. 47. Part III: Status and treatment of protected persons #Section III: Occupied territories”. ICRC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2014. it was obvious that they were in fact always subservient to the will of the Occupying Power. Such practices were incompatible with the traditional concept of occupation (as defined in Article 43 of the Hague Regulations of 1907)
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.Commentary on Part III : Status and treatment of protected persons #Section III : Occupied territories Art. 47 Archived 2016-04-17 at the Wayback Machine by the ICRC
^ Sela, Avraham. “Jerusalem.” The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 391–498.
^ Frank, Mitch. Understanding the Holy Land: Answering Questions about the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. New York: Viking, 2005. p. 74.
^ “A/35/508-S/14207 of 8 October 1980.” Archived June 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine UNISPAL – United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. 8 October 1980. 8 June 2008
^ “UNSC Resolutions referred to in UNSC res 476 – 252, 267, 271, 298, 465”. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
^ “UNSC res 478”. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012.
^ Lustick, Ian S. (16 January 1997). “Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?”. Middle East Policy Council Journal. 5 (1): 34–45. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.1997.tb00247.x.
^ Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995, Pub. L. 104–45 (text) (PDF), November 8, 1995, 109 Stat. 398.
^ Ahren, Raphael; staff, T. O. I. “US confirms no more presidential waivers for Jerusalem Embassy Act”. www.timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
^ Aeyal Gross (2017). The Writing on the Wall: Rethinking the International Law of Occupation. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-316-50932-6. The perceived separation of the OPT from Israel and the lack of de jure annexation allows the continued attitude toward the OPT as “merely” occupied to persist. In reality, however, events familiar from the context of East Timor, Western Sahara, and Northern Cyprus, such as settlements and the taking of land and of natural resources, as detailed in the next chapter, have occurred in this territory even without a formal annexation.
^ Orna Ben-Naftali; Michael Sfard; Hedi Viterbo (2018). The ABC of the OPT: A Legal Lexicon of the Israeli Control over the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Cambridge University Press. p. 411. doi:10.1017/9781316661376. ISBN 978-1-107-15652-4. the ICJ concluded that the “route of the Wall will prejudge the future frontier between Israel and Palestine” and generates “the fear that Israel may integrate the settlements and their means of access” in a manner “tantamount to de facto annexation”
^ “UN report: Israel’s “creeping annexation” of territory is illegal”. Christian Science Monitor. 31 January 2013. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. The United Nations’ first report on Israel’s overall settlement policy describes it as a “creeping annexation” of territory
^ Omar M. Dajani (2017). “Symposium on Revisiting Israel’s Settlements Israel’s Creeping Annexation” (PDF). American Society of International Law. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
^ “Syria: ‘We still feel Syrian,’ say Druze of Golan Heights”. ansamed.info. 28 November 2012. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
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White Paper: Demystifying Annexures – A Guide to Effective Supplementary Documentation

References

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